Amakuru - Ubumenyi bwindwara yubuhumekero

Vuba aha, Komisiyo y’ubuzima y’igihugu yagiranye ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku bijyanye no gukumira no kurwanya indwara z’ubuhumekero mu gihe cy’itumba, hagaragaza ubwinshi bw’indwara z’ubuhumekero n’ingamba zo gukumira mu gihe cy’itumba mu Bushinwa, no gusubiza ibibazo by’itangazamakuru. Muri iyo nama, impuguke zavuze ko kuri ubu, Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu gihe cy’indwara nyinshi z’ubuhumekero, kandi indwara zitandukanye z’ubuhumekero zikaba zifatanije kandi zikarengerwa, bikaba bibangamira ubuzima bw’abantu. Indwara z'ubuhumekero zerekeza ku gutwika ururenda rw'imyanya y'ubuhumekero iterwa n'indwara ya patogene cyangwa izindi mpamvu, cyane cyane zirimo kwandura mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru, umusonga, bronhite, asima n'ibindi. Nk’uko imibare ikurikirana ya komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima n’ubuzima ibigaragaza, indwara z’indwara z’ubuhumekero mu Bushinwa ziganjemo ahanini virusi y’ibicurane, usibye gukwirakwiza izindi virusi mu byiciro bitandukanye, urugero, hari na rinovirusi zitera ibicurane bisanzwe mu bana bafite imyaka 1-4; mubaturage babantu bafite hagati yimyaka 5-14, Indwara ya Mycoplasma na adenovirusi itera ibicurane bisanzwe bafite Mu itsinda ryimyaka 5-14, indwara ya Mycoplasma na adenovirusi zitera ubukonje rusange ku gice runaka cyabaturage; mumatsinda yimyaka 15-59, rhinovirus na neocoronavirus zirashobora kuboneka; no mumyaka 60+, hari umubare munini wa parapneumovirus yumuntu na coronavirus isanzwe.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae ni mikorobe iba hagati ya bagiteri na virusi; ntigira urukuta rw'akagari ariko ifite selile ya selile, kandi irashobora kubyara yigenga cyangwa gutera no kwanduza muri selile. Genome ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae ni nto, ifite genes zigera ku 1.000 gusa. Indwara ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae irahinduka cyane kandi irashobora guhuza nibidukikije bitandukanye hamwe na host binyuze muri genombombation cyangwa mutation. Indwara ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae igenzurwa cyane cyane no gukoresha antibiyotike ya macrolide, nka azithromycine, erythromycine, clarithromycine, nibindi. Ku barwayi barwanya iyi miti, tetracycline nshya cyangwa quinolone irashobora gukoreshwa.

Virusi y'ibicurane ni virusi nziza ya RNA, iza mu bwoko butatu, ubwoko A, ubwoko B n'ubwoko bwa C. Ibicurane by'ibicurane A bifite urugero rwinshi rwo guhinduka kandi bishobora gutera indwara y'ibicurane. Genome ya virusi yibicurane igizwe n'ibice umunani, buri kimwe kigizwe na poroteyine imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Virusi y'ibicurane ihinduka mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi, imwe ni drift ya antigenic, aho ihindagurika riba muri gen virusi, bikavamo impinduka za antigenic muri hemagglutinin (HA) na neuraminidase (NA) hejuru ya virusi; ikindi ni antigenic rearrangement, aho kwandurira icyarimwe ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi yibicurane muri selile imwe yakira biganisha ku kongera guhuza ibice bya virusi ya virusi, bigatuma habaho ubwoko bushya. Virusi y'ibicurane icungwa cyane cyane no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa neuraminidase, nka oseltamivir na zanamivir, kandi ku barwayi barembye cyane, hakenewe ubuvuzi bufatika bwo kuvura no kuvura ibibazo.

Neocoronavirus ni virusi imwe ya RNA yanduye umuryango wa Coronaviridae, ufite imiryango ine, ari yo α, β, γ, na δ. Imiryango idahwitse α na β yanduza cyane inyamaswa z’inyamabere, mugihe imiryango γ na δ yanduza cyane inyoni. Genome ya neocoronavirus igizwe nurwego rurerure rwo gusoma rurimo poroteyine 16 zidafite imiterere na enye zubatswe, arizo proteine membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) na proteyine ya enzyme (E). Guhinduka kwa Neocoronavirus biterwa ahanini namakosa yo kwigana virusi cyangwa kwinjiza ingirabuzima fatizo, biganisha ku ihinduka ry’imiterere ya virusi ya virusi, bigira ingaruka ku kwanduza virusi, indwara ziterwa n’ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara. Neocoronavirus icungwa cyane cyane no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana nka ridecivir na lopinavir / ritonavir, kandi mugihe gikomeye, hakenewe ubuvuzi bufatika bwo kuvura no kuvura ibibazo.

Inzira nyamukuru zo kurwanya indwara zubuhumekero nizi zikurikira:

Urukingo. Inkingo nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda indwara zanduza kandi zishobora gukangurira umubiri kubyara ubudahangarwa bw'indwara. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bufite inkingo zitandukanye z’indwara z’ubuhumekero, nk’urukingo rw’ibicurane, urukingo rushya rw’ikamba, urukingo rwa pneumococcale, urukingo rwa pertussis, n’ibindi. indwara, abana nabandi baturage b'ingenzi.

Komeza ingeso nziza z'isuku. Indwara z'ubuhumekero zikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'ibitonyanga no guhura, bityo rero ni ngombwa kugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mu koza intoki buri gihe, gupfuka umunwa n'amazuru hamwe na tissue cyangwa inkokora mugihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye, udacira amacandwe, kandi ntusangire ibikoresho.

Irinde ahantu huzuye abantu kandi hadahumeka neza. Ahantu huzuye kandi hadahumeka neza ni ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n'indwara z'ubuhumekero kandi zikunze kwanduzanya na virusi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugabanya gusurwa aha hantu, kandi niba ugomba kugenda, wambare mask kandi ukomeze intera runaka kugirango wirinde guhura nabandi.

Kongera imbaraga z'umubiri. Kurwanya umubiri niwo murongo wambere wo kwirinda indwara. Ni ngombwa kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri no kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu ndyo yumvikana, imyitozo ngororamubiri, gusinzira bihagije, no gutekereza neza.

Witondere gukomeza gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bwo mu gihe cy'itumba buri hasi, kandi gukonjesha ubukonje birashobora gutuma igabanuka ry'imikorere y'umubiri wa mucosa y'ubuhumekero, bigatuma byoroha virusi itera. Noneho rero, witondere gukomeza gushyuha, kwambara imyenda ikwiye, wirinde ubukonje n ibicurane, guhinduranya igihe cyubushyuhe bwo murugo nubushuhe, kandi ukomeze guhumeka murugo.

Shakisha ubuvuzi ku gihe. Niba ibimenyetso byindwara zubuhumekero nka feri, inkorora, kubabara mu muhogo no kugora guhumeka bibaye, ugomba kujya mubigo byubuvuzi bisanzwe mugihe, gusuzuma no kuvura indwara ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga, kandi ntukifate imiti wenyine cyangwa gutinda gushaka ubuvuzi. Muri icyo gihe, ugomba kumenyesha ukuri umuganga wawe amateka y’ibyorezo bya epidemiologiya no kwerekana, kandi ugafatanya nawe mu iperereza ry’ibyorezo no kwandura epidemiologiya kugirango wirinde ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara.

Inzira nyamukuru zo kurwanya indwara zubuhumekero nizi zikurikira:

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-15-2023