Abantu icumi ba mbere mu bya siyansi muri kamere:

Yunlong Cao wo muri Kaminuza ya Peking yatorewe gukora ubushakashatsi bushya ku bijyanye na coronavirus

Ku itariki ya 15 Ukuboza 2022, Kamere yatangaje Nature's 10 yayo, urutonde rw'abantu icumi bagize uruhare mu bikorwa by'ingenzi bya siyansi by'uyu mwaka, kandi inkuru zabo zitanga ishusho idasanzwe kuri bimwe mu bikorwa by'ingenzi bya siyansi by'uyu mwaka.

Rich Monastersky, umwanditsi mukuru wa Nature Features, avuga ko mu mwaka w’ibibazo n’ubuvumbuzi bushimishije, Kamere yahisemo abantu icumi mu bahanga mu by’ikirere badufashije gusobanukirwa ubuzima bw’isi bwa kure cyane, abashakashatsi bagize uruhare runini mu ndwara z’icyorezo cya New Crown na monkeypox, ndetse n’abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga barenze imipaka yo gutera ingingo.

Yunlong Cao akomoka mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima (BIOPIC) muri Kaminuza ya Peking. Dr. Cao yarangije muri Kaminuza ya Zhejiang afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri fiziki, anahabwa impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) mu ishami rya shimi n’ibinyabuzima bya chimie muri Kaminuza ya Harvard munsi ya Xiaoliang Xie, ubu akaba ari umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Peking. Yunlong Cao yibanda ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana ingirabuzima fatizo imwe, kandi ubushakashatsi bwe bwafashije gukurikirana ihindagurika rya coronavirus nshya no guhanura zimwe mu mpinduka zituma habaho ubwoko bushya bw’ibinyabuzima.

Ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao n'abandi basohoye inyandiko mu kinyamakuru Cell ifite umutwe ugira uti: “Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kurwanya SARS-CoV-2 bwagaragajwe n'uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro uturemangingo tw'uturemangingo twa B tw'abarwayi bakira” Inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bushya bwakozwe ku isuzuma rishya rya coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) rirwanya abarwayi banduye, ryakoresheje uburyo bwo gupima RNA imwe mu buryo bwo hejuru na VDJ kugira ngo hamenyekane abarwayi 14 banduye monoclonal banduye cyane baturutse ku barwayi barenga 8500 banduye IgG1 mu barwayi 60 bakize COVID-19.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ku nshuro ya mbere ko uburyo bwo gupima uturemangingo twinshi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuvumbura imiti kandi bufite akarusho ko kuba inzira yihuta kandi ikora neza, ikaba yizeza guhindura uburyo abantu bapima uturemangingo tw’umubiri tudakora neza ku barwayi ba virusi zandura.

Ku itariki ya 17 Kamena 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao n'abandi basohoye inyandiko yise: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 na BA.5 escape antibodies ziterwa n'ubwandu bwa Omicron mu kinyamakuru Nature.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubwoko bushya bw’udukoko twa Omicron mutant BA.2.12.1, BA.4 na BA.5 bwagaragaje ko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwiyongera kandi ko plasma igenda igabanuka cyane ku barwayi banduye Omicron BA.1.

Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko urukingo rwa Omicron rushingiye kuri BA.1 rushobora kuba rutagikwiriye nk'inyongera mu rwego rw'ubukingo kandi ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buterwa n'iyi ndwara butazatanga uburinzi bunini ku bwoko bushya bwa mutant. Byongeye kandi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buturuka ku kwandura kwa Omicron biragoye cyane kugeraho bitewe n'ingaruka za coronavirus nshya ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri ndetse n'impinduka zihuse z'ahantu hahinduka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ku itariki ya 30 Ukwakira 2022, itsinda rya Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao ryasohoye inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi yitwa: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral implanted convergent Omicron RBD evolution in the preprint bioRxiv.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko inyungu ya XBB kurusha BQ.1 ishobora guterwa n’impinduka zitari mu gice cy’umubiri (RBD) cya spinosin, ko XBB ifite impinduka mu bice bya genome ikora ku gice cy’imiterere ya N-terminal (NTD) cya spinosin, kandi ko XBB ishobora guhunga ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya NTD, bishobora gutuma yanduza abantu badakunze BQ.1 n’ibindi bifitanye isano. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko impinduka mu gace ka NTD zibaho muri BQ.1 ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane. Izi mpinduka zongerera cyane ubushobozi bw’izi mpinduka mu kwirinda ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buterwa no gukingirwa no kwandura ubwandu bwabanje.

Dr. Yunlong Cao yavuze ko hashobora kubaho uburyo bwo kwirinda XBB mu gihe yanduye BQ.1, ariko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera kugira ngo haboneke ibimenyetso by'ibi.

Uretse Yunlong Cao, abandi bantu babiri bashyizwe ku rutonde kubera uruhare rwabo rudasanzwe mu bibazo by’ubuzima rusange ku isi, Lisa McCorkell na Dimie Ogoina.

Lisa McCorkell ni umushakashatsi muri Long COVID kandi nk'umwe mu bashinze Patient-Led Research Collaborative, yafashije mu kuzamura ubukangurambaga no gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi kuri iyi ndwara.

Dimie Ogoina ni umuganga w’indwara zandura muri Kaminuza ya Niger Delta muri Nijeriya, kandi akazi ke ku cyorezo cya monkeypox muri Nijeriya katanze amakuru y’ingenzi mu kurwanya icyorezo cya monkeypox.

Ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 2022, Ishuri ry’Ubuganga rya Kaminuza ya Maryland ryatangaje uburyo bwa mbere ku isi bwo gutera umutima w’ingurube wahinduwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo mu muntu muzima, ubwo umurwayi w’umutima w’imyaka 57 witwa David Bennett yaterwaga umutima w’ingurube wahinduwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo kugira ngo arokore ubuzima bwe.

Nubwo uyu mutima w’ingurube wongereye ubuzima bwa David Bennett amezi abiri gusa, wabaye intsinzi ikomeye kandi ni intambwe ikomeye mu mateka mu bijyanye no gutera xenotransplantation. Muhammad Mohiuddin, umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga wayoboye itsinda ryarangije gutera umutima w’ingurube wahinduwe mu buryo bw’uturemangingo, nta gushidikanya ko yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abantu 10 ba mbere mu mwaka wa Nature.

Abandi benshi batoranyijwe kubera iterambere ridasanzwe mu bya siyansi n'iterambere rikomeye rya politiki, barimo umuhanga mu by'inyenyeri Jane Rigby wo muri Goddard Space Center ya NASA, wagize uruhare runini mu butumwa bwa Webb Space Telescope bwo kwinjiza telesikope mu isanzure no gukora neza, biganisha ubushobozi bw'abantu bwo gushakisha isanzure ku rwego rushya kandi rwo hejuru. alondra Nelson, nk'Umuyobozi w'agateganyo wa Politiki ya Siyansi n'Ikoranabuhanga muri Amerika mu Biro bishinzwe Siyansi n'Ikoranabuhanga, yafashije ubuyobozi bwa Perezida Biden guteza imbere ibintu by'ingenzi mu gahunda ya siyansi, harimo politiki ku busugire bwa siyansi n'amabwiriza mashya ku bumenyi bw'ibanze. Diana Greene Foster, umushakashatsi mu by'inda akaba n'umuhanga mu mibare y'abaturage muri Kaminuza ya California, San Francisco, yatanze amakuru y'ingenzi ku ngaruka zari zitezwe ku cyemezo cy'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Amerika cyo gutesha agaciro uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda.

Hari kandi amazina icumi ya mbere y’uyu mwaka ajyanye n’iterambere ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibindi bibazo by’isi. Abo ni: António Guterres, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Saleemul Huq, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Imihindagurikire n’Iterambere ry’Ikirere i Dhaka, muri Bangladesh, na Svitlana Krakovska, Umuyobozi w’intumwa za Ukraine mu Itsinda ry’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku Mihindagurikire y’Ikirere (IPCC).