中文网站
Iyo imbwa itangiye kuruka no kurwara impiswi mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa injangwe ikagira ubunebwe ikabura ubushake bwo kurya, abaganga b’amatungo bakunze gutanga inama yo gupima aside nucleic.
Ntukagire igitekerezo kibi—ibi si ugupima amatungo COVID-19. Ahubwo, birimo gushakisha "indangamuntu y'uturemangingo" twa virusi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba yaranduye indwara zisanzwe nka parvovirus cyangwa coronavirus.
Fata urugero rwa parvovirus (virusi ya ADN) na coronavirus (virusi ya RNA).
Uburyo bwose bwo gupima bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu by’ingenzi mu "gushaka ibimenyetso", mu by’ukuri byoroshye kubyumva.
Intambwe ya mbere niicyegeranyo cy'icyitegererezo, aho ikintu cy'ingenzi ari ukumenya aho virusi "yihisha." Virusi za Parvovirusi ziba nyinshi mu mara, bityoingero z'imyanya cyangwa ibirutsizishyirwa imbere; coronavirus zishobora kuba zihishe mu nzira z'ubuhumekero, bityoudupira two mu muhogozikunze gukoreshwa. Ibi bisa no gupima amaraso kugira ngo umuntu atware yasinze. Iyo hafashwe ingero zitari zo—nk'uko hakoreshejwe amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi ya parvo mu mara—birashoboka ko hadafatwa ingero.
Nyuma yo gukusanya ingero,gukuramo aside nucleiqueikurikira, igamije gutandukanya aside nucleic ya virusi yonyine n'ibipimo bigoye. Wibuke ko ingero z'umwanda cyangwa agahu ko mu muhogo zirimo imyanda itandukanye nk'ibice by'ibiribwa n'imyanda y'uturemangingo. Laboratwari zikoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo bikore nk' "ibiyungurura," bikuraho iyo myanda hanyuma hagasigara aside nucleic ya virusi gusa.
Ariko, kuriVirusi za RNAnk'icyorezo cya coronavirus, "inyongera"inyandiko isubira inyuma"Intambwe irakenewe. Ibi bihindura RNA idahindagurika muri ADN ishobora kumenyekana neza, bikayitegura intambwe zikurikiraho.
Intambwe ya nyuma niKongera ubushobozi bwa PCR, ibi bikaba bikubiyemo gukora kopi za miriyoni za "genetique ID" ya virusi kugira ngo igikoresho kibashe kuyimenya neza. Laboratwari zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PCR (qPCR), zigashushanya "primer probes" zihariye zigamije uruhererekane runaka rwa virusi—nk'ukoVP2 genemuri virusi za parvovirusi cyangwaIngirabuzimafatizo za Smuri coronavirus. Izi probes zigira uruhare runini mu gukora nk'ingufu, zifata neza aside nucleic zigamije kandi zikongera vuba. Nubwo icyitegererezo cyaba kirimo kopi 100 gusa za virusi, kongera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kuzikuramo bishobora kuziyongera kugeza ku rwego rushobora kugaragara.
Icyo gikoresho gihita kigena ibisubizo hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bya fluorescent: urumuri rugaragaza ibisubizo byiza, mu gihe nta mucyo ugaragaza ibisubizo bibi. Igikorwa cyose kimara iminota 40 kugeza kuri 60.
Ariko, ba nyir'amatungo bashobora guhura n'ikibazo giteye urujijo: inshuti zabo zifite ubwoya zigaragaza ibimenyetso bigaragara nko kuruka cyangwa impiswi, ariko zigasanga nta aside nikeliya zifite; cyangwa se, zigasanga nta aside ariko zigasa n'izifite imbaraga kandi nta bimenyetso by'uburwayi zigaragaza. Ni iki koko kiri kuba? “Impanuro z'ibinyoma” nk'izo zirakunze kugaragara, ahanini ziterwa n'impamvu nyinshi zibitera.
Ubwa mbere, reka tuganire ku ngero z'abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso ariko bagasanga nta bimenyetso bafite.Akenshi, ibi bibaho kubera ko virusi iba irimo gukina "kwihisha".
Urugero rumwe ni igihe virusi itaragera ku rugero rushoboka mu bidukikije. Urugero, mu minsi 3-5 ya mbere nyuma yo kwandura parvovirus, virusi yiyongera cyane mu turemangingo twa lymphoid. Umuvuduko wa virusi mu mwanda uguma munsi y’umubare w’ibimenyetso 100 kuri buri gisubizo, bigatuma idashoboka kumenyekana nubwo haba hari ikizamini cya PCR. Ni nk'umujura winjiye mu nzu mbere yo gukora ibyaha — kamera z'umutekano ntizishobora gufata ibimenyetso byose kugeza ubu.
Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara kiri mu gupima ingero.Iyo ingero z'umwanda ari nto cyane, udupira two mu muhogo tukananirwa kugera ku gice cy'umuhogo, cyangwa ingero zigashyirwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba mu masaha menshi bigatuma aside nukleiki yangirika, ibizamini biba imfabusa. Imibare yo muri laboratwari igaragaza ko ingero zitari zo zishobora gutuma habaho ibirenga 30% by'ibitari byo.
Byongeye kandi, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bidaterwa na virusi ya parvo cyangwa coronavirus na gato.Kuruka no gucibwamo kw'amatungo bishobora guterwa n'indwara ziterwa na bagiteri cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'udukoko, mu gihe umuriro no gukorora bishobora kugaragaza indwara ya mycoplasma pneumonia. Kubera ko ibikoresho byo gupima aside nucleic byagenewe virusi runaka, ntibishobora "gusuzuma" izindi mpamvu.
Byongeye kandi,Impinduka za virusi zishobora gutuma ibizamini bitagira icyo bitanga.Urugero, impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya coronavirus S zishobora kubuza imashini kuyimenya. Laboratwari imwe yasanze 5.3% by'ubwoko butandukanye bwatanze ibimenyetso bitari byo, ikibazo gisaba ko imiterere ya genome yose ikorwa kugira ngo byemezwe.
Ku bijyanye n'amatungo afite ibimenyetso byo kwandura, akenshi bigaragaza ko virusi iri mu "mu gihe cyo guhagarara."Amwe mu matungo y’inyamaswa ni “abakwirakwiza virusi.”Virusi nka virusi ya herpes y’injangwe cyangwa coronavirus y’imbwa zishobora kumara igihe kirekire mu matungo yanduye. Igihe cyose ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bw’itungo buzaba bumeze neza, ntibuzagira ibimenyetso ahubwo buzakomeza kwandura virusi—nk’uko bamwe mu bantu bandura virusi ya hepatite B batarandura iyi ndwara.
Indi ngingo irebana no kubangamira ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'urukingo.Mu minsi 7-10 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rudakomeza kuba ruzima, virusi y’urukingo ishobora gutabwa mu mwanda. Gupima muri iki gihe bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso bitari byo. Kubwibyo, abaganga b’amatungo bakunze kugira inama yo kudapima aside nucleic mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukingirwa.
Byongeye kandi, laboratwari rimwe na rimwe zihura n’ “ibibazo byo kwandura.” Iyo aerosol iturutse ku rugero rwa mbere rwagaragayeho ubwandu ijya mu rugero rushya, bishobora gutuma igikoresho kibeshya ko ari “icyanduye.” Ariko, laboratwari zizwi zikoresha “ibikoresho byo gusukura” n’udupira twabigenewe kugira ngo bigabanye ubu bwandu, bigatuma ababyeyi bagira amahoro yo mu mutima mu gihe bahitamo ahantu ho gupimisha byemewe.
Iyo ibisubizo by'ibizamini bidahuye n'ibimenyetso by'uburwayi, nta mpamvu yo guhangayika. Abaganga b'amatungo bakunze gutanga inama ku ntambwe zikurikira kugira ngo bemeze byinshi.
Ubwa mbere,kongera gusuzuma nyuma y'igihe runakakugira ngo hamenyekane "igihe cyo gusesa virusi ku rwego rwo hejuru." Niba bikekwa cyane ko virusi ya parvovirus cyangwa coronavirus yandura, ni byiza kongera kuyipima nyuma y'amasaha 24-48, kuko umubare w'icyorezo ushobora kuba warageze ku rwego rwo kuyimenya icyo gihe. Inyigo imwe yagaragaje ko imbwa zapimwe zidafite virusi mu ntangiriro z'uburwayi zari zifite igipimo cya 82% cy'ubwandu ubwo zongeye gupimwa nyuma y'amasaha 48.
Icya kabiri,guhuza uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima hamwe n'isuzuma ry'ibimenyetsokugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ryimbitse. Ibipimo bya aside nucleic bigaragaza "ubwandu buriho," mu gihe ibipimo bya antibody bigaragaza "ubwandu bwa kera." Kubihuza n'ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri n'umubare w'amaraso bitanga ishusho yuzuye. Urugero, imbwa iruka ifite ikizamini cya aside nucleic ariko antibody nziza ishobora kuba iri mu cyiciro cyo gukira, aho umubare wa virusi wagabanutse ku rugero rutagaragara.
Hanyuma, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ibizamini bya antigen n'ibipimo bya PCR bitandukanye cyane.
Ibipimo bya antigen bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kumva indwara—urugero, kumenya parvovirus bisaba uduce duto twa virusi 10⁵ kugira ngo haboneke igisubizo cyiza. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibipimo bya PCR bishobora kubona virusi nkeya zigera ku 100, bigatanga ubushobozi bwo kumva indwara cyane. Kubwibyo, niba itungo rigaragaje ibimenyetso bigaragara ariko rigasanga nta antigen rifite, ni ngombwa kugisha inama veterineri kuvugurura ikizamini cya PCR kugira ngo hirindwe ko indwara yangirika.
Gupima bifite aho bigarukira; ubushishozi bwa siyansi ni ingenzi cyane.
Mu by’ukuri, gupima aside nucleique si "ikintu cy’ubumaji." Bisaba gupima neza, gupima ku gihe, na virusi kugira ngo "bufatanye" mu kudahinduranya.
Iyo ibisubizo by'ibizamini bihuye n'ibimenyetso, ba nyir'amatungo ntibagomba kugira ubwoba. Reka abaganga b'amatungo bafate icyemezo cyuzuye bashingiye ku mateka y'ubuzima bw'amatungo, inyandiko z'inkingo, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini bikurikira. Ubu buryo butuma inshuti zacu zo mu bwoko bwa boya zisuzuma neza kandi zikavurwa, bikabafasha gukira vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2025
Igenamiterere ry'ubuzima bwite