Uburozi bwa Omicron bwagabanutse angahe? Ubushakashatsi bwinshi nyabwo-bwerekana

“Virusi ya Omicron yegereye iy'ibicurane by'ibihe” na “Omicron ntabwo itera indwara kurusha Delta”. …… Vuba aha, amakuru menshi yerekeye virusi ya Crown nshya mutant strain Omicron yagiye ikwirakwira kuri interineti.

Mubyukuri, kuva havuka imiterere ya Omicron mutant mu Gushyingo 2021 no kwamamara kwisi yose, ubushakashatsi nibiganiro kuri virusi no kwanduza byakomeje guhagarara. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa virusi ya Omicron? Ubushakashatsi bubivugaho iki?

Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwa laboratoire: Omicron ntabwo ifite virusi
Mubyukuri, nko muri Mutarama 2022, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Hong Kong Li Ka Shing ishami ry’ubuvuzi bwerekanye ko Omicron (B.1.1.529) ishobora kuba idatera indwara ugereranije n’umwimerere ndetse n’indi miterere ya mutant.
Byagaragaye ko imiterere ya Omicron ya mutant idafite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha protease ya transembrane serine (TMPRSS2), mugihe TMPRSS2 yashoboraga koroshya virusi yibasira selile ikuraho proteine ​​ya spike ya coronavirus nshya. Muri icyo gihe, abashakashatsi babonye ko kwigana kwa Omicron byagabanutse cyane ku murongo w'ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu Calu3 na Caco2.

Ishusho ya interineti

Muri moderi ya k18-hACE2, kwigana kwa Omicron byagabanutse mubice byombi byubuhumekero bwo hejuru no hepfo yimbeba ugereranije nubwoko bwambere hamwe na mutant ya Delta, kandi indwara y’indwara y’ibihaha ntiyari ikabije, mu gihe indwara ya Omicron yateje ibiro bike n’impfu kurusha umwimerere wumwimerere na Alpha, Beta na Delta mutant.
Kubwibyo, abashakashatsi banzuye ko kwigana kwa Omicron no gutera indwara byagabanutse ku mbeba.

Ishusho ya interineti

Ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2022, Kamere yasohoye urupapuro rwanditswe na Yoshihiro Kawaoka, inzobere mu bijyanye na virusi muri kaminuza ya Tokiyo na kaminuza ya Wisconsin, yemeza ku nshuro ya mbere mu cyitegererezo cy’inyamaswa ko Omicron BA.2 mu by'ukuri idafite ubukana kurusha ubwambere bwabanje. .

Abashakashatsi bahisemo virusi ya BA.2 yitaruye mu Buyapani kugira ngo yanduze imbeba za k18-hACE2 na hamsters basanga ko, nyuma yo kwandura urugero rumwe rwa virusi, imbeba zanduye BA.2 na BA.1 zaragabanutse cyane titre ya virusi mu bihaha. n'amazuru kurenza umwimerere mushya wa Crown Crown infection (p <0.0001).

Igisubizo gisanzwe cya zahabu cyemeza ko Omicron rwose idafite ubukana kurenza ubwoko bwumwimerere. Ibinyuranye, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye muri titre ya virusi mu bihaha no mu mazuru by'icyitegererezo cy'inyamaswa nyuma yo kwandura BA.2 na BA.1.

Ishusho ya interineti

PCR yerekana imitwaro yerekana ko imbeba zanduye BA.2 na BA.1 zifite virusi nkeya mu bihaha no mu mazuru ugereranije n’umwimerere mushya wa Crown, cyane cyane mu bihaha (p <0.0001).

Kimwe n'ibisubizo ku mbeba, titre ya virusi yagaragaye mu mazuru no mu bihaha bya BA.2 na BA.1 byanduye byari munsi y’umwimerere nyuma yo 'gukingirwa' hamwe na virusi imwe, cyane cyane mu bihaha, kandi gato munsi yizuru rya BA.2 yanduye hamster kurusha BA.1 - mubyukuri, kimwe cya kabiri cya BA.2 yanduye ntabwo yanduye ibihaha.

Byagaragaye kandi ko ubwoko bwambere, BA.2 na BA.1, butabangikanyaga kwanduza sera nyuma yo kwandura - bihuye nibyagaragaye ku bantu babayeho ku isi iyo banduye mutants nshya zitandukanye.

Ishusho ya interineti

Amakuru nyayo yisi: Omicron ntabwo ishobora gutera uburwayi bukomeye

Benshi mubushakashatsi twavuze haruguru basobanuye kugabanuka kwa virusi ya Omicron mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa zo muri laboratoire, ariko niko bimeze kwisi?

Ku ya 7 Kamena 2022, OMS yasohoye raporo yerekana itandukaniro ry’uburemere bw’abantu banduye mu cyorezo cya Omicron (B.1.1.529) ugereranije n’icyorezo cya Delta.

Raporo yarimo abarwayi bashya 16.749 baturutse mu ntara zose za Afurika y'Epfo, harimo 16.749 kuva icyorezo cya Delta (2021/8/2 kugeza 2021/10/3) na 17,693 bo mu cyorezo cya Omicron (2021/11/15 kugeza 2022/2 / 16). Abarwayi nabo bashyizwe mubikorwa bikomeye, bikomeye kandi bidakomeye.

ingenzi: kuba yarakiriye umwuka uhumeka, cyangwa ogisijeni na ogisijeni itembera cyane ya ogisijeni, cyangwa okisijeni ya extraacorporeal membrane (ECMO), cyangwa kwinjira muri ICU mugihe cyo gushyirwa mubitaro.
-kabije (bikabije): yakiriye ogisijeni mugihe cyo gushyirwa mubitaro
-kudakabije: niba ntanimwe mubintu byavuzwe haruguru byujujwe, umurwayi ntabwo akomeye.

Aya makuru yerekanaga ko mu itsinda rya Delta, 49.2% bari bakomeye, 7.7% ni bo bakomeye na 28% by’abarwayi banduye Delta bari mu bitaro bapfuye, mu gihe mu itsinda rya Omicron, 28.1% bari bakomeye, 3.7% ni bo bakomeye na 15% by’ibitaro byose Abarwayi banduye Omicron barapfuye. Na none, uburebure buringaniye bwo kumara iminsi 7 mumatsinda ya Delta ugereranije niminsi 6 mumatsinda ya Omicron.

Byongeye kandi, raporo yasesenguye ibintu bigira ingaruka ku myaka, igitsina, uko inkingo ihagaze ndetse n’ingaruka zangiza maze isoza ivuga ko Omicron (B.1.1.529) ifitanye isano n’ubushobozi buke bw’indwara zikomeye kandi zikomeye (95% CI: 0.41 kugeza 0.46; p <0.001) hamwe n’impanuka nke zo gupfa mu bitaro (95% CI: 0.59 kugeza 0,65; p <0.001).

Ishusho ya interineti

Kuburyo butandukanye bwa Omicron, ubundi bushakashatsi nabwo bwasesenguye virusi zabo muburyo burambuye.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na New England bwasesenguye abantu 20770 ba Delta, 52605 ba Omicron B.1.1.529 na 29840 banduye Omicron BA.2, basanga umubare w'impfu ari 0.7% kuri Delta, 0.4% kuri B.1.1. 529 na 0.3% kuri BA.2. Nyuma yo guhindura ibintu bitera urujijo, ubushakashatsi bwanzuye ko ibyago byo gupfa byagabanutse cyane kuri BA.2 ugereranije na Delta na B.1.1.529.

Ishusho ya interineti

Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Afurika y'Epfo bwasuzumye ibyago byo gushyirwa mu bitaro ndetse n'ingaruka z'ingaruka zikomeye kuri Delta, BA.1, BA.2 na BA.4 / BA.5. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko mu barwayi 98.710 bashya banduye bashyizwe mu isesengura, 3825 (3,9%) binjiye mu bitaro, muri bo 1276 (33.4%) barwaye indwara zikomeye.

Mu banduye ihindagurika ritandukanye, 57.7% by'abarwayi banduye Delta barwaye indwara zikomeye (97/168), ugereranije na 33.7% by'abarwayi banduye BA.1 (990/2940), 26.2% bya BA.2 (167 / 637) na 27.5% bya BA.4 / BA.5 (22/80). Isesengura ryinshi ryerekanye ko amahirwe yo kwandura indwara ikomeye mu banduye Delta> BA.1> BA.2, mu gihe amahirwe yo kwandura indwara ikomeye mu banduye BA.4 / BA.5 atari atandukanye cyane ugereranije na BA. 2.
Kugabanya virusi, ariko birakenewe kuba maso

Ubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire hamwe namakuru nyayo yaturutse mubihugu byinshi byagaragaje ko Omicron nubwoko bwayo bidakabije kandi ntibishobora gutera uburwayi bukomeye kuruta ubwambere nubundi bwoko bwa mutant.

Icyakora, ingingo yasubiwemo mu nomero yo muri Mutarama 2022 y’ikinyamakuru The Lancet, yiswe 'Yoroheje ariko ntabwo yoroheje', yavuze ko nubwo indwara ya Omicron yari ifite 21% by’abinjira mu bitaro mu rubyiruko rwo muri Afurika y'Epfo, umubare w'ibyorezo bitera indwara zikomeye birashoboka. kwiyongera mubaturage bafite ibyiciro bitandukanye byanduye ninzego zitandukanye zinkingo. . urwego rwanduye cyangwa urukingo rukomoka ku rukingo.)

Mu gusoza raporo ya OMS imaze kuvugwa, itsinda ryagaragaje ko nubwo virusi yagabanutse ku miterere yabanjirije iyi, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’abarwayi ba Omicron bari mu bitaro (B.1.1.529) barwaye indwara zikomeye, kandi ko ihinduka ry’imitwe mishya itandukanye ryakomeje. bitera indwara nyinshi nimpfu mubantu bakuze, badafite ubudahangarwa cyangwa badakingiwe. . , ni ukuvuga abarwayi barengeje imyaka, mu baturage bafite umutwaro uremereye wa comorbid, ku barwayi bafite intege nke ndetse no mu batakingiwe, COVID-19 (VOCs zose) ikomeje kugira uruhare mu burwayi n’impfu nyinshi.)

Amakuru yatanzwe na Omicron igihe yateraga icyorezo cya gatanu cy’icyorezo muri Hong Kong yerekanaga ko guhera ku ya 4 Gicurasi 2022, hapfuye abantu 9115 ku bantu 1192765 baherutse kwambikwa ikamba mu gihe cy’umuhengeri wa gatanu (impfu zipfa zingana na 0,76%) hamwe n’ikinyabupfura igipimo cy'imfu zingana na 2.70% kubantu barengeje imyaka 60 (hafi 19,30% by'iki cyiciro ntibakingiwe).

Ibinyuranye na byo, 2% gusa by'Abanya Nouvelle-Zélande barengeje imyaka 60 y'amavuko ntibakingiwe, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano cyane n’impfu nke zingana na 0.07% ku cyorezo gishya cy’ikamba.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe bikunze kuvugwa ko Newcastle ishobora guhinduka indwara y'ibihe, ikwirakwizwa mu bihe biri imbere, hari impuguke mu by'amasomo zifata ukundi.

Abashakashatsi batatu bo muri kaminuza ya Oxford hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bemeza ko ubukana bwo hasi bwa Omicron bushobora kuba ari impanuka, kandi ko gukomeza kwihuta kwihuta kwa antigenic (ubwihindurize bwa antigenic) bishobora kuzana ubundi buryo bushya.

Bitandukanye no guhunga ubudahangarwa no kwanduzwa, biterwa nigitutu gikomeye cyubwihindurize, virusi mubisanzwe ni 'ibicuruzwa biva mu bwihindurize. Virusi zirahinduka kugirango zongere ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukwirakwiza, kandi ibi birashobora no gutuma ubwiyongere bwa virusi bwiyongera. Kurugero, mukongera umutwaro wa virusi kugirango byoroshye kwandura, birashobora gutera indwara zikomeye.

Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ahubwo virusi nayo izatera ingaruka nke mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza virusi mugihe ibimenyetso bizanwa na virusi bigaragara cyane cyane nyuma yo kwandura - nko kuri virusi yibicurane, virusi itera sida na hepatite C, twavuga a bike, bifite umwanya uhagije wo gukwirakwiza mbere yo guteza ingaruka zikomeye.

Ishusho ya interineti

Mu bihe nk'ibi, birashobora kugorana guhanura imigendekere yimitwe mishya ya mutant iturutse kuri virusi yo hasi ya Omicron, ariko inkuru nziza nuko urukingo rushya rwikamba rwagaragaje ibyago byo kurwara bikabije ndetse nimpfu ziterwa na mutant zose, no kwiyongera ku gipimo cy’inkingo z’abaturage bikomeje kuba inzira yingenzi yo kurwanya icyorezo muri iki cyiciro.
Gushimira: Iyi ngingo yasuzumwe ubuhanga na Panpan Zhou, PhD, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Tsinghua na Mugenzi wa Postdoctoral, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Scripps, muri Amerika
Omicron yipimisha antigen reagent murugo