Gupima ADN methylation hamwe na telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo hasuzumwe hakiri kare ibibyimba no gusuzuma kanseri y'amaraso ku kigero cya 90.0%!

Gupima kanseri hakiri kare hashingiwe ku bipimo by’amazi ni icyerekezo gishya cyo gusuzuma kanseri cyatanzwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurwanya kanseri muri Amerika mu myaka ya vuba aha, hagamijwe kumenya kanseri hakiri kare cyangwa ndetse n’ibisebe bya kanseri mbere y’uko kanseri itangira. Byakoreshejwe cyane nk'ikimenyetso gishya cyo gusuzuma kanseri zitandukanye hakiri kare, harimo kanseri y’ibihaha, ibibyimba byo mu nda, gliomas na kanseri y’abagore.

Kugaragara kw'ibikoresho byo kumenya imiterere ya methylation (Methylscape) bifite ubushobozi bwo kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gupima kanseri hakiri kare, bigatuma abarwayi baba ku rwego rwo hasi bashobora kuvurwa.

Mu minsi ishize, abashakashatsi bakoze urubuga rworoshye kandi rutaziguye rwo kumenya imiterere y’ibinyabuzima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "methylation" bushingiye ku duce duto twa zahabu twakozwe na "cyst/AuNPs" twakozwe na "cyst/AuNPs" hamwe n'icyuma gikoresha "biosensor" gikoresha "smartphones" gituma habaho gusuzuma vuba hakiri kare ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibibyimba. Gusuzuma hakiri kare kanseri y'amaraso bishobora gukorwa mu minota 15 nyuma yo gukuramo ADN mu maraso, ku rugero rwa 90.0%. Umutwe w'iyi nkuru ni "Kwihuta gupima ADN ya kanseri mu maraso y'umuntu hakoreshejwe "AuNPs" zikozwe na "cysteamine" hamwe na "smartphone" ikoresha "machine learning".

Ishusho ya 1. Uburyo bworoshye kandi bwihuse bwo gupima kanseri binyuze mu bice bya Cyst/AuNPs bushobora gukorwa mu ntambwe ebyiri zoroshye.

Ibi bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Ubwa mbere, umuti w'amazi wakoreshejwe mu gushonga ibice bya ADN. Nyuma hongewemo Cyst/AuNPs mu muti uvanze. ADN isanzwe n'iy'ibicurane bifite imiterere itandukanye ya methylation, bigatuma ibice bya ADN bifite imiterere itandukanye yo kwihuza. ADN isanzwe iraterana buhoro buhoro hanyuma igateranya Cyst/AuNPs, ibyo bigatuma Cyst/AuNPs ihinduka umutuku, bityo impinduka mu ibara kuva ku mutuku kugera ku muhengeri ishobora kugaragara n'amaso. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, imiterere yihariye ya ADN ya kanseri ituma habaho amatsinda manini y'ibice bya ADN.

Amashusho y'amakarito 96 yafashwe hakoreshejwe kamera ya telefoni. ADN ya kanseri yapimwe hakoreshejwe telefoni ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiga imashini ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gupima hakoreshejwe spectroscopy.

Gupima kanseri mu maraso nyayo

Kugira ngo bongere akamaro k'urubuga rwo kumva, abashakashatsi bakoresheje sensor yashoboye gutandukanya neza ADN isanzwe na ADN ya kanseri mu maraso nyayo. Imiterere ya methylation ku duce twa CpG igenzura igaragara rya gene. Mu bwoko bwa kanseri hafi ya bwose, impinduka muri methylation ya ADN bityo no mu igaragara rya gene zitera tumorigenesis zagaragaye ko zisimburana.

Nk'icyitegererezo cy'izindi kanseri zifitanye isano na methylation ya ADN, abashakashatsi bakoresheje ingero z'amaraso y'abarwayi ba kanseri ya kanseri n'abashinzwe kugenzura ubuzima bwiza kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi ku buryo methylation ikora mu gutandukanya kanseri ya kanseri ya kanseri. Iyi biomarker ya methylation ntabwo irusha gusa uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri ya kanseri bwa vuba, ahubwo inagaragaza ko bishoboka ko habaho no gupima kanseri zitandukanye hakiri kare hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye.

ADN yavuye mu maraso y’abarwayi 31 ba kanseri y’amaraso n’abantu 12 bazima yasesenguwe. Nk’uko bigaragara mu gasanduku kari ku Ishusho ya 2a, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingero za kanseri (ΔA650/525) bwari buke ugereranyije n’ubwa ADN yavuye mu bipimo bisanzwe. Ibi byatewe ahanini no kwiyongera k’ubudahangarwa bw’amazi byatumye ADN ya kanseri yiyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba byarabujije kwishyira hamwe kwa Cyst/AuNPs. Kubera iyo mpamvu, utu duce duto twakwirakwiriye mu bice by’inyuma by’ibice bya kanseri, byatumye habaho gutandukana gutandukanye kwa Cyst/AuNPs zashyizwe ku bice bya ADN bya kanseri n’ibya kanseri. Imirongo ya ROC yakozwe binyuze mu guhindura urugero kuva ku gaciro gato ka ΔA650/525 kugeza ku gaciro ntarengwa.

Ishusho ya 2. (a) Ingano y'uko cyst/AuNPs ifata neza imisemburo igaragaza ko hari DNA isanzwe (ubururu) na kanseri (umutuku) mu gihe cy'imiterere myiza.

(DA650/525) y'amasanduku y'ibipimo; (b) Isesengura rya ROC n'isuzuma ry'ibipimo byo gusuzuma. (c) Imbonerahamwe y'urujijo mu gusuzuma abarwayi basanzwe n'abarwaye kanseri. (d) Ubushobozi bwo kumenya, umwihariko, agaciro ko guhanura neza (PPV), agaciro ko guhanura nabi (NPV) n'ubunyangamugayo bw'uburyo bwakozwe.

Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2b, agace kari munsi y’umurongo wa ROC (AUC = 0.9274) kabonetse kuri sensor yakozwe kagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gusesengura cyane. Nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto y’agasanduku, agace ko hasi kagaragaza itsinda risanzwe rya ADN ntigatandukanye neza n’agace ko hejuru kagaragaza itsinda rya ADN rya kanseri; bityo, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya amatsinda asanzwe n’aya kanseri. Bitewe n’urutonde rw’ibintu byigenga, ipima amahirwe yo kuba ikintu gishobora kubaho, nka kanseri cyangwa itsinda risanzwe. Ihindagurika rishingiye kuri iyo ngingo riri hagati ya 0 na 1. Igisubizo rero ni amahirwe. Twagennye amahirwe yo kumenya kanseri (P) dushingiye kuri ΔA650/525 ku buryo bukurikira.

aho b=5.3533,w1=-6.965. Ku ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’icyitegererezo, amahirwe ari munsi ya 0.5 agaragaza icyitegererezo gisanzwe, mu gihe amahirwe ari hagati ya 0.5 cyangwa irenga agaragaza icyitegererezo cya kanseri. Ishusho ya 2c igaragaza imbonerahamwe y’urujijo yaturutse ku igenzura rya “leave-it-alone cross-validation”, ryakoreshejwe mu kwemeza ubuhamye bw’uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro. Ishusho ya 2d igaragaza muri make isuzuma ry’ibizamini byo gusuzuma uburyo, harimo ubushishozi, umwihariko, agaciro keza ko guhanura (PPV) n’agaciro keza ko guhanura (NPV).

Ibyuma bipima ubuzima bikoresha terefone zigendanwa

Kugira ngo bongere koroshya isuzuma ry’ibipimo nta gukoresha spectrophotometers, abashakashatsi bakoresheje ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI) kugira ngo basobanure ibara ry’igisubizo no gutandukanya abantu basanzwe n’abarwaye kanseri. Bitewe n’ibi, uburyo bwo kubona bwakoreshejwe mu guhindura ibara ry’igisubizo cya Cyst/AuNPs muri ADN isanzwe (umuhengeri) cyangwa ADN ya kanseri (umutuku) hakoreshejwe amashusho y’amapine 96 yafashwe binyuze muri kamera ya telefoni igendanwa. Ubwenge bw’ubukorano bushobora kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza uburyo bwo gusobanura ibara ry’ibisubizo bya nanoparticle, kandi nta gukoresha ibikoresho bya telefoni zigendanwa. Amaherezo, moderi ebyiri zo kwigira ku mashini, harimo Random Forest (RF) na Support Vector Machine (SVM) zahuguwe mu gukora moderi. Moderi za RF na SVM zombi zashyize neza ingero nk’iza mbere n’iza nyuma ku kigero cya 90.0%. Ibi bigaragaza ko gukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorano mu gusuzuma ikoranabuhanga rishingiye kuri telefoni igendanwa bishoboka cyane.

Ishusho ya 3.(a) Icyiciro cy'igisubizo cyafashwe mu gihe cyo gutegura icyitegererezo cy'intambwe yo kubona ishusho. (b) Urugero rw'ishusho yafashwe mu gihe cyo kubona ishusho. (c) Ubukana bw'ibara ry'igisubizo cya cyst/AuNPs muri buri mwobo w'isahani y'amabati 96 yakuwe ku ishusho (b).

Bakoresheje Cyst/AuNPs, abashakashatsi bashoboye gukora urubuga rworoshye rwo kumenya aho methylation iherereye hamwe n'icyuma gishobora gutandukanya ADN isanzwe na ADN ya kanseri iyo bakoresheje ingero nyazo z'amaraso mu gusuzuma kanseri y'amaraso. Iki cyuma cyakozwe cyagaragaje ko ADN yakuwe mu maraso nyayo yashoboye kubona ADN nke za kanseri (3nM) mu barwayi ba kanseri y'amaraso mu minota 15, kandi cyagaragaje ukuri kwa 95.3%. Kugira ngo byoroshye gupima ingero hakurwaho gukenerwa kwa spectrophotometer, hakoreshejwe imashini yo kwiga kugira ngo hasobanurwe ibara ry'umuti no gutandukanya abantu basanzwe n'abarwaye kanseri hakoreshejwe ifoto ya telefoni igendanwa, kandi ukuri kwashoboye kugerwaho kuri 90.0%.

Icyitonderwa: DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05725e