Amakuru - Ubudahangarwa bw'Imbwa mu Miti Itandukanye: Uburyo Gupima Acide Nucleic Bifasha "Gutahura Ibiza Byuzuye"

Imbwa zimwe zifata imiti igabanya udukoko nta kibazo zifite, mu gihe izindi zifatakuruka no gucibwamoUshobora guha imbwa yawe umuti ugabanya ububabare bitewe n'uburemere bwayo, ariko ntacyo bitwaye cyangwa bigatuma itungo ryawe ricika intege. — Ibi birashoboka cyane ko bifitanye isano n'ukoGene irwanya imiti myinshi (MDR1)mu mubiri w'imbwa.

Uyu "mugenzuzi utagaragara" w'imikorere y'imiti ni ingenzi ku mutekano w'imiti ku matungo, kandiGupima aside nucleique ya MDR1ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gufungura iyi kode.

NOMERO YA 1

Urufunguzo rw'umutekano w'imiti: Gene ya MDR1

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe akamaro ka gene ya MDR1, tugomba kubanza kumenya "akazi kayo k'ingenzi" - gukora nk'umukozi ushinzwe gutwara imiti. gene ya MDR1 iyobora ikorwa ry'ikintu cyitwa P-glycoprotein, gikwirakwira cyane cyane ku buso bw'uturemangingo mu mara, umwijima n'impyiko. Ikora nk'ahantu ho gutwara imiti hihariye:

Iyo imbwa imaze gufata imiti, P-glycoprotein isohora imiti myinshi mu turemangingo ikayisohora mu mwanda cyangwa mu nkari, ikarinda ko yangiza umubiri. Inarinda ingingo z'ingenzi nk'ubwonko n'umusemburo w'amagufwa ikarinda ko imiti yinjira cyane ishobora kwangiza umubiri.

Ariko, iyo gene ya MDR1 ihindutse, uyu "mukozi ushinzwe gutwara abantu" atangira gukora nabi. Ashobora gukora cyane, agasohora imiti vuba cyane bigatuma amaraso adahagije, bigatuma imiti igabanuka cyane. Cyangwa ashobora kugira imikorere mibi, akananirwa kurangiza imiti ku gihe, bigatuma imiti yiyongera kandi bigatera ingaruka mbi nko kuruka cyangwa kwangirika k'umwijima n'impyiko.— Iyi ni yo mpamvu imbwa zishobora kwakira umuti mu buryo butandukanye cyane.

Birushijeho kuba birebani uko indwara za MDR1 zikora nk'ibisasu byihishe byitwa "mines" - akenshi ntibiboneka kugeza igihe imiti iteye ibyago. Urugero, zimwe mu mbwa zivukana gene MDR1 ifite inenge, kandi dose isanzwe y'imiti irwanya indwara (nka ivermectin) ishobora gutera ataxia cyangwa koma iyo itanzwe ikiri nto. Izindi mbwa zifite imikorere ya MDR1 ikabije zishobora kugabanya ububabare buterwa na opioid nubwo zatangwa hakurikijwe uburemere. Ibi bibazo ntibiterwa n' "imiti mibi" cyangwa "imbwa zidakorana," ahubwo biterwa n'ingaruka z'imiterere y'umubiri.

Mu buvuzi, amatungo menshi agira ikibazo gikomeye cy’impyiko cyangwa kwangirika k’ubwonko nyuma yo gufata imiti nta gupimwa MDR1 mbere - bigatuma amatungo atakaza amafaranga menshi yo kuvura ndetse akanababara bitari ngombwa.

NOMERO YA 2

Gupima Genetike kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka z'imiti

Gupima aside nucleic gene ya MDR1 y’imbwa ni ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa "uko akazi kayo gahagaze" mbere y’igihe. Bitandukanye no kugenzura ingano y’amaraso bisanzwe - bisaba gukurura amaraso kenshi nyuma yo gufata imiti - ubu buryo busesengura neza gene ya MDR1 y’imbwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari impinduka mu miterere y’umubiri n’ubwoko bwazo.

Uburyo bwo gupima ibintu burimo koroshye kandi busa n'uburyo bwo gupima kanseri y'ubwonko bukabije, bugizwe n'intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi:

1. Icyegeranyo cy'Ingero:

Kubera ko gene ya MDR1 iboneka mu turemangingo twose, hakenewe ingero nto y'amaraso cyangwa agahu ko mu kanwa gusa.

2. Gukuramo ADN:

Laboratwari ikoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo ikure ADN y'imbwa mu gipimo, ikuremo poroteyine n'indi myanda kugira ngo ibone icyitegererezo cyuzuye cy'uturemangingo.

3. Gupima no gusesengura PCR:

Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye byagenewe ahantu hakomeye hahinduka MDR1 (nk'impinduka isanzwe y'imbwa nt230[del4]), PCR yongera agace k'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo. Hanyuma igikoresho gipima ibimenyetso by'urumuri biva muri probe kugira ngo kimenye uko ihinduka ry'impinduka rihagaze n'ingaruka z'imikorere yabyo.

Igikorwa cyose kimara amasaha 1-3. Ibisubizo bitanga ubuyobozi butaziguye ku baganga b'amatungo, bituma habaho guhitamo imiti yizewe kandi isobanutse neza kuruta kwishingikiriza ku gushakisha no gushakisha ibisubizo.

NOMERO YA 3

Itandukaniro ry’uturemangingo, Umutekano w’imiti yabonetse

Ba nyir'amatungo bashobora kwibaza bati: Ese indwara za MDR1 zivukana cyangwa zaravutse?

Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi, aho imiterere y'umubiri ari yo y'ingenzi:

Imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwoko

Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara. Igipimo cy'impinduka mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima kiratandukanye cyane mu moko atandukanye:

Collies(harimo n'imbwa zo mu bwoko bwa Shetland Sheepdogs na Border Collies) zifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyane cy'impinduka za nt230[del4] - hafi 70% bya Collies zo mu bwoko bwa pure breed zifite iyi nenge.
Abashumba bo muri OsitaraliyanaImbwa z'intama za kera zo mu Bwongerezakandi bigaragaza ibiciro biri hejuru.
Ubwoko nk'ubwoChihuahuanaPoodlesbafite igipimo cyo hasi cy'impinduka mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima.

Ibi bivuze ko nubwo imbwa yaba itigeze ifata imiti, ubwoko bw’inyamaswa zishobora kuba zifite iyi ndwara bushobora kuba bugifite iyi ndwara.

Ingaruka z'imiti n'ibidukikije

Nubwo gene ya MDR1 ubwayo ari karemano, gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe igihe kirekire cyangwa cyane bishobora "gutera" igaragara ridasanzwe ry'uturemangingo.

Gukoresha bimwe mu gihe kirekireimiti irwanya udukoko(urugero, tetracyclines) cyangwaimiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiribishobora gutera MDR1 gukora cyane, bigana ubudahangarwa bw'imiti nubwo nta mpinduka nyayo ibayeho.

Imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu bidukikije (nk'inyongeramusaruro mu bikomoka ku matungo bidakora neza) ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere y'uturemangingo.

Ingirabuzimafatizo za MDR1 zigira ingaruka ku miti itandukanye, harimo imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igabanya ubukana, n'imiti igabanya igicuri. Urugero:

Indwara ya Collie ifite ikibazo ishobora kugira uburozi bukomeye bw'ubwonko ndetse no mu rugero ruto rwa ivermectin.

Imbwa zifite MDR1 ikora cyane zishobora gusaba ko imiti irwanya udukoko ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ivurwa neza kugira ngo zigire ingaruka nziza.

Niyo mpamvu abaganga b'amatungo bashimangira cyane gusuzuma MDR1 mbere yo gutanga imiti ku bwoko bw'indwara zishobora gutera ibyago byinshi.

Ku batunze amatungo, gupima aside nucleique ya MDR1 bitanga uburinzi bubiri ku mutekano w'imiti:

Gupima ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zishobora gutera ibyago byinshi hakiri kare (urugero: Collies) bigaragaza ko imiti idakwiye gukoreshwa mu buzima bwose kandi bikarinda uburozi ku buryo butunguranye.

Imbwa zikenera imiti y'igihe kirekire (nk'iyo kuvura ububabare budakira cyangwa igicuri) zishobora guhindurwa neza.

Gupima imbwa zororerwa cyangwa imbwa zivanze bikuraho imbogamizi ku ngaruka zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo.

Ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku mbwa zikuze cyangwa abafite indwara zidakira, bakunze gukenera imiti.

NOMERO YA 4

Kumenya mbere y'igihe bisobanura uburinzi bwiza

Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibizamini, dore inama eshatu z'umutekano w'imiti:

Ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zishobora kwibasirwa n'akaga gakomeye bugomba gushyira imbere isuzuma.

Collies, Australian Shepherds, n'izindi nka zo zigomba kurangiza isuzuma rya MDR1 mbere y'amezi 3 y'amavuko kandi zigashyira ibisubizo ku idosiye ya veterineri wazo.

Buri gihe ubaze veterineri wawe ibijyanye no "guhuza imiterere y'uturemangingo" mbere yo gutanga imiti.

Ibi ni ingenzi ku miti ishobora gutera ibyago byinshi nka imiti igabanya ubukana n'imiti igabanya ubukana. Nubwo ubwoko bw'imbwa yawe butari bufite ibyago byinshi, kuba yarahuye n'ingaruka mbi bivuze ko isuzuma ry'uturemangingo rigomba kwitabwaho.

Irinde kwiyivura ukoresheje imiti myinshi.

Imiti itandukanye ishobora guhatana ku miyoboro ya P-glycoprotein. Ndetse n'uturemangingo dusanzwe twa MDR1 dushobora kurengerwa, bigatuma habaho ubusumbane mu mikorere y'umubiri ndetse n'ingaruka z'uburozi ziyongera.

Akaga ko guhinduka kwa MDR1 kari mu kutagaragara kwabyo - byihishe mu ruhererekane rw'uturemangingo, ntibigaragaze ibimenyetso kugeza igihe imiti iteye ikibazo gitunguranye.

Gupima aside nucleique ya MDR1 bikora nk'icyuma gipima neza imirambo y'imbwa, bidufasha gusobanukirwa imiterere y'imiti y'imbwa mbere y'igihe. Mu kwiga imikorere yayo n'imiterere yayo, gusuzuma hakiri kare, no gukoresha imiti neza, dushobora kwemeza ko iyo amatungo yacu akeneye kuvurwa, ahabwa ubufasha bwiza mu gihe yirinda ingaruka z'imiti - kurinda ubuzima bwayo mu buryo bwiza cyane.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-20-2025